The Great Lakes Region of Africa—spanning parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Rwanda, Burundi, and Uganda—has long been synonymous with both extraordinary resilience and devastating conflict. At first glance, the region appears more stable than it was during the peak of violence in the 1990s and early 2000s. Open warfare has subsided, peace agreements have been signed, and regional dialogues are ongoing. Yet beneath this fragile calm lie deep-rooted tensions, unresolved historical grievances, and institutions that remain weak or contested.
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